Two Group Policy Management Editor windows showing security policies. Top window has digital sign communications enabled, bottom has it disabled.

Reflecting on Your Tier Model: CVE-2025-33073 and the One-Hop Problem

The False Sense of Security SMB signing on domain controllers has become standard practice across most Active Directory environments. But this hardening may have created a false sense of security. CVE-2025-33073 changes ...
DEF CON 20 - Marlinspike Hulton and Ray - Defeating PPTP VPNs and WPA2 Enterprise with MS-CHAPv2

The Renaissance of NTLM Relay Attacks: Everything You Need to Know

NTLM relay attacks have been around for a long time. While many security practitioners think NTLM relay is a solved problem, or at least a not-so-severe one, it is, in fact, alive ...
Relay Your Heart Away: An OPSEC-Conscious Approach to 445 Takeover

Relay Your Heart Away: An OPSEC-Conscious Approach to 445 Takeover

Even within organizations that have achieved a mature security posture, targeted NTLM relay attacks are still incredibly effective after all these years of abuse. Leveraging several of these NTLM relay primitives, specifically ...
Silverfort Protection Against CVE-2023-23397 Outlook Zero Day

Silverfort Protection Against CVE-2023-23397 Outlook Zero Day

In the latest Patch Tuesday, Microsoft released a patch for  CVE-2023-23397 Zero Day in Outlook, that was reported to be exploited in the wild. Exploitation of this vulnerability enables an adversary to ...