CMMC vs. NIST 800-171: What You Need to Know

There has been a lot of discussion regarding CMMC and NIST 800-171. How do they differ? How do you determine who would need which framework? With the ever-growing threats of cyber attacks, the government wants to make sure that companies’ data and systems are protected. Whether you’re a small business government contractor or a large defense company, you need to understand these frameworks and prepare to implement the necessary controls. Understanding the key differences between CMMC and NIST 800-171 will allow you to know exactly what you’re getting into and can allocate resources to become fully compliant. Cybersecurity is critical, and compliance will be mandatory for many.

What is CMMC Compliance?

So what exactly is CMMC compliance? Basically, it’s the Department of Defense’s set of cybersecurity standards for protecting sensitive data. This was created in 2020 and then revised in 2021, creating CMMC 2.0. If you’re a DoD contractor, you’ll need to comply with CMMC to bid on contracts.

CMMC builds on existing the NIST 800-171 controls, adding several layers of audits and certifications. The first CMMC created (2020), consisted of five maturity levels. CMMC 2.0 has replaced the original CMMC and uses three maturity levels. 

The CMMC takes the best parts of other cybersecurity standards like NIST, FAR, and DFARS and combines them into an intuitive framework. Instead of a standard set of rules, where one could simply pass or fail, CMMC uses a maturity model, which is like a leveling system in a video game. Contractors start as rookies and work their way up to cybersecurity champions. The DoD recognized the significance of the Maturity Model, particularly for smaller businesses that might not have the resources to instantly be established.

Unlike NIST 800-171, CMMC requires third-party audits. Auditors will check things like your cybersecurity policies, network diagrams and system configurations. They’ll want to see concrete evidence of practices like regular vulnerability scans, password rotation and user access reviews.

Preparing for CMMC won’t happen overnight. You’ll need to assess your current security posture, make a plan to fill any gaps, and potentially invest in new tools or staff. But becoming CMMC compliant will open up more opportunities to work with the DoD and help safeguard sensitive data – Also making you more eligible during certain tenders. Overall, CMMC aims to strengthen the defense industrial base by improving contractors’ cybersecurity protections and preparedness.

While the transition may be challenging, CMMC compliance will benefit both the government and contractors in the long run. More robust security and less data breaches mean a more trusted and productive partnership for years to come.

What is NIST 800-171?

If you’re a defense contractor, you’ve probably heard of NIST 800-171. It’s the set of controls established by the National Institute of Standards and Technology to protect CUI (Controlled Unclassified Information). Unlike the CMMC, NIST 800-171 is not a certification – it’s a framework with recommended security controls for nonfederal information systems and organizations.

The NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) is widely considered the top-tier standard when putting together a cybersecurity program. The framework provides a structured approach for organizations to assess and enhance their cybersecurity capabilities, regardless of their organization’s size, sector or level of cybersecurity maturity. It involves a risk-based approach that encourages organizations to identify, protect, detect, respond to and recover from cyber threats/ incidents. The NIST CSF is aligned with various other NIST security standards and models, such as the NIST Special Publication 800-53 and the Risk Management Framework (RMF). Organizations can use the framework to develop and implement tailored cybersecurity profiles aligning with their specific business objectives, risk tolerance and available resources. By adopting the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, organizations can establish a strong foundation for managing cybersecurity risks, improving their resilience to cyber threats and effectively safeguarding their information assets. Federal agencies and their contractors, partners and their vendors are required to utilize NIST CSF. Often private enterprises choose to implement NIST CSF principles for their security programmes and into their compliance. There are no accrediting bodies that award certificates for compliance, therefore self- attestation does not require an audit.

NIST 800-171 aims to balance security needs with limited resources. By focusing on basic controls and a flexible framework, organizations can build a robust CUI protection program without excessive cost or complexity. For many contractors, it’s the logical first step before pursuing CMMC certification.

Why CMMC Compliance Matters?

As a federal contractor, CMMC compliance should be a top priority. Achieving certification shows your dedication to cybersecurity and protecting sensitive government data. Not complying puts your company at serious risk of losing contracts or facing legal consequences.

The current CMMC model consists of three maturity levels (originally it was five maturity levels) that build on NIST 800-171 controls and add new practices to strengthen your system security. Each level requires more advanced procedures to protect against cyber threats. 

To earn CMMC certification, you’ll need to have an independent C3PAO assess your systems and practices within your organization. The independent C3PAO will evaluate to see if your organization meets the requirements for your target level and issue an official certification upon passing. The process typically takes several months of preparation to get everything in order.

While CMMC and NIST 800-171 share some similarities, CMMC builds on the NIST foundations to provide a stronger, more comprehensive cybersecurity framework. Achieving compliance with these standards is essential for protecting government data and maintaining your status as a trusted federal contractor. The time and resources required will be well worth it for your business and clients.

CMMC vs. NIST 800-171: Which is Right for Your Business?

Choosing between CMMC and NIST 800-171 comes down to your business and customer needs. If you work with the Department of Defense, CMMC compliance will likely be required to bid on contracts. For most commercial businesses and government contractors, NIST 800-171 currently provides an adequate level of cybersecurity compliance.

NIST 800-171 has been around longer, so many organizations have experience implementing and auditing against its controls. The requirements focus on protecting Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI) and are less prescriptive, allowing some flexibility in how you meet them.

If working with the DoD, you’ll need to determine which level of CMMC is required for your contracts. For some, staying at Level 1 or 2 may suffice. You can then build up from there as needed to bid on new work.

Whatever path you choose, start planning and budgeting now. Compliance takes time and resources to implement fully. But with the right strategy and technology solutions, you can achieve your goals efficiently and effectively, keeping your business competitive and your data secure.

Pros and Cons of CMMC and NIST 800-171 for Cybersecurity Compliance

Pros of CMMC

The CMMC certification demonstrates your commitment to cybersecurity and compliance with DoD standards. Achieving a CMMC level can open up more contracting opportunities and give you a competitive edge. The CMMC also provides a comprehensive framework for managing and improving your cybersecurity posture over time.

Pros of NIST 800-171

NIST 800-171 is a well-established standard that many government contractors are already familiar with. If you’ve already implemented the controls for NIST 800-171, achieving compliance with its requirements can be more straightforward. NIST 800-171 also allows more flexibility in how you meet the specified controls.

Cons of CMMC

The CMMC can be difficult and expensive to achieve, especially for small companies with limited resources. The certification process requires working with a CMMC Third Party Assessor Organization (C3PAO) and undergoing an on-site assessment. There are also annual maintenance fees to keep your certification. The CMMC’s rigid set of controls may require significant changes to your systems and processes.

Cons of NIST 800-171

While NIST 800-171 aims for a “minimum” level of security, its controls alone may not sufficiently reduce risks for highly sensitive data. NIST Cybersecurity does not have maturity levels. The self-attesting nature of NIST 800-171 means there is more uncertainty about whether companies have properly implemented the required controls. Stricter certifications like the CMMC provide third-party validation of security practices.

In summary, CMMC and NIST 800-171 take different approaches to cybersecurity for government contractors. The right choice for your organization depends on your needs, risks, and resources. With preparation and the right strategy, you can leverage the benefits of these frameworks to strengthen your security posture and fuel your growth as a government contractor.

What is the Difference Between CMMC and CMMC 2.0?

The Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) became effective on January 21, 2020. However, the Department announced CMMC 2.0 in November 2021 based on feedback received about the original program. While the updated framework is still going through rulemaking, it is important for companies to start working towards achieving compliance in order to be prepared. Contractors should aim to obtain certification as soon as possible and familiarize themselves with the changes in the new model, which governs how contractors will verify and communicate their cybersecurity standards. 

The purpose of these requirements is to safeguard all points in the Department of Defense (DoD) supply chain within the Defense Industrial Base (DIB). The original version of the model had five compliance levels, whereas the 2.0  version now has three levels. Achieving a particular level of certification confirms that a contractor has the ability to protect controlled unclassified information at their specific point in the supply chain. 

Each level consists of both non-technical and technical requirements, with each level building upon the previous one. The framework’s objective is to enable organizations to effectively address emerging cyber threats as they arise, ensuring the ongoing protection of federal contract information and controlled unclassified data.

CMMC 2.0 vs NIST 800-171

If CMMC was based on the NIST framework and the CMMC Frameworks contains various controls from the NIST Framework, how does NIST 800-171 compare to CMMC 2.0?

NIST 800 171 and CMMC 2.0 are incredibly similar – many of the same controls are used. 

• Pricing may vary. 
• CMMC 2.0 requires external audits and certification. NIST 800-171 is a self-assessment where you evaluate if you meet requirements. CMMC 2.0 requires audits and certification by a third-party CMMC assessor.
• CMMC 2.0 certification lasts 3 years. NIST 800-171 compliance is assessed annually.
• CMMC is compulsory, while NIST is more commonly used as a “foundation”.

While the additional CMMC 2.0 requirements mean more work, they help strengthen security and streamline the compliance process. Understanding how CMMC 2.0 and NIST 800-171 differ is key to preparing for certification and protecting government data. 

Conclusion

While complex, CMMC and NIST 800-171 aim to strengthen cybersecurity across the defense supply chain. Understanding them fully will help you do your part to protect sensitive government data. Stay up to date as these standards continue to evolve.

The post CMMC vs. NIST 800-171: What You Need to Know appeared first on Scytale.

*** This is a Security Bloggers Network syndicated blog from Blog | Scytale authored by Lee Govender, Compliance Success Manager, Scytale. Read the original post at: https://scytale.ai/resources/cmmc-vs-nist-800-171-what-you-need-to-know/